What is a protective factor in the context of suicide risk assessment?

In the context of suicide risk assessment, a protective factor is an element that decreases an individual's likelihood of suicidal thoughts, behaviors, or the risk of suicide itself. Strong social support networks are considered a critical protective factor. These networks can include friends, family, community resources, and social organizations, which provide emotional support, practical assistance, and a sense of belonging and connection.

When individuals have strong social ties, they may experience reduced feelings of isolation and despair, which can significantly lower their risk for suicidal thoughts or actions. The presence of these supportive relationships can encourage individuals to seek help during times of crisis, ultimately serving as a buffer against the factors that may contribute to suicidal ideation or behavior.

In contrast, a history of prior attempts and substance abuse issues represent risk factors that increase the likelihood of suicide. Additionally, chronic physical illness can also aggravate psychological distress and may be associated with an increased suicide risk, rather than providing protective benefits. Thus, strong social support networks are essential for fostering resilience and providing the necessary emotional and practical resources to help mitigate suicide risk.